X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy:

XPS - Nexsa (Thermo Scientific):

The Thermo Scientific Nexsa XPS System is used for surface chemistry analysis of a wide range of materials and thin films through X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). It features a monatomic Ar ion source for depth profiling, a flood gun for measuring insulating samples, and an UPS option for determining molecular orbital energies in the valence region and performing work function measurements.